The ortho- N-sulfonated aminophenyl α,β-unsaturated ketone 1a and 2-benzylidene-1,3-indandione 2a were used as model substrates for the synthesis of spiro-tetrahydroqunioline derivative 3a via an aza-Michael/Michael reaction ( Table 1). Indanedione-fused 2,6-disubstituted spiro-cyclohexanones have also been studied.
In our previous research, 2-arylidene-1,3-indandiones were used to obtain enantioselective spiro-nitrocyclopropanes, which contained the spiro-1,3-indandione skeleton, catalyzed by cinchona alkoloid derivatives. As a starting material that is commonly used for the generation of spiro-1,3-indandiones, 2-arylidene-1,3-indandiones were the focus of our recent study.
used 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol and 2-arylideneindene-1,3-dione as the starting materials to obtain spiro-1,3-indandione, using a squaramide-catalyzed sulfa-Michael/aldol domino reaction. previously synthesized spiro-1,3-indandiones from cyclic azomethine imine and 2-arylideneindene-1,3-dione via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. However, the synthesis of carbon spiro-1,3-indandiones remains a challenge. In recent research, the spiro-1,3-indandione moiety has been considered to represent a valuable functional group for medicinal chemistry. Synthetic studies were also performed to obtain additional 1,3-indandione derivatives, which demonstrated antitumor and antibiotic activities. Fredericamycin A was isolated from a fermentation broth of the strain Streptomyces griseus and reported to demonstrate antibiotic properties. The natural pharmacophore, spiro-1,3-indandione, has attracted considerable attention due to its diverse biological activities. In this study, we synthesized a series of novel spiro-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives and compared their effects in wound healing in human epidermal cells and animal models. Actually, the quality of wound regeneration mainly depends on the efficiency of wound care. At present, few drugs have been found with substantial abilities of promoting wound healing. Therefore, wound healing is one of the hot topics in skin surgery. In elderly or diabetic patients, the risk of wound infection increased due to vascular aging and the lower tissue repair capability, which may eventually lead to chronic wounds. The wound healing process involves the coordination of many distinct but overlapping physiological spaces, comprising hemostasis, inflammation, epithelial cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Severe skin trauma can impose physical, psychological, and economic burdens on patients. It can be damaged by trauma, burns, skin diseases and so on. Skin is the largest organ and the first defense to protect the human body.
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